Name ___________________
Science CST Review
1. ____________________ opposes motion between surfaces that are touching. (Friction or Gravity)
2. The newton is the SI unit of ____________________. (force or mass)
3. A change in a moving object’s direction always results in a change in its ____________________. (speed or velocity)
4. The ____________________ of an object can change with its location. (mass or weight)
5. A ____________________ is determined by combining forces.
(net force or newton)
6. ____________________ is the rate at which ____________________ changes. (Velocity or acceleration/ Acceleration or velocity)
7. If you are looking out the window and someone walks by, what would be the reference point?
a. person walking by b. background
8. A student riding her bicycle on a straight, flat road covers one block every 7 seconds. If each block is 70 m long, she is traveling at_________. (Hint: s=d/t)
a. constant speed c. 10m/s
b. constant velocity d. Both (a), (b), and (c)
9. Which type of friction causes a swimmer’s acceleration to change?
a. sliding c. fluid
b. rolling d. static
10. To calculate an object’s acceleration, you need to know…
a. distance traveled and total time.
b. starting point, endpoint, and the object’s mass.
c. starting velocity, final velocity, and time it takes to change velocity.
11. The force of gravity is greater between two objects that…
a. have greater masses. c. are farther apart.
b. have rougher surfaces.
12. Two forces act on an object. One force has a magnitude of 10 N and is directed toward the north. The other has a magnitude of 5 N directed toward the south. The object experiences a net force of…
a. 5 N south. c. 50 N north.
b. 15 N north. d. 5 N north.
13. You know how to combine two forces that act in one or two directions. The same method you learned can be used to combine several forces acting in several directions. Examine the diagrams below, and predict with how much force and in what direction the object will move.
14.
15. A kangaroo hops 60 m to the east in 5 seconds.
a. What is the kangaroo’s speed?__________________
b. What is the kangaroo’s velocity?_________________
c. The kangaroo stops at a lake for a drink of water, then starts hopping again to the south. Every second, the kangaroo’s velocity increases 2.5 m/s. What is the kangaroo’s acceleration after 5 seconds?
Select the best answer from the box for questions 16-26.
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Concentration |
metalloids |
heating |
solution |
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electrolysis |
ratio |
Colloids |
nonmetals |
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metals |
Solubility |
element |
compound |
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heterogeneous |
Mixtures |
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16.An ___________________is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by physical or chemical means.
17.Elements are classified as _________________, _________________, and _______________________ based on their properties.
18.A ___________________is a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
19.The elements that form a compound always combine in a specific ___________________according to their masses.Example 2H+O čH2O.
20.Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by the chemical process ___________________ and ___________________.
21.___________________ can be separated by physical means, such as filtration and evaporation. (Pizza)
22.A ___________________ (like saltwater) is a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of a solute (salt) dissolved in a solvent (water).
23.___________________ is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. (Hint: too much or not enough sugar in water)
24. ___________________ is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution at a certain temperature.
25.Suspensions are ___________________mixtures that contain particles large enough to settle out, be filtered, and block or scatter light. (Hint: snow globe)
26. ___________________are mixtures that contain dispersed particles too small to settle out or be filtered but large enough to scatter light.
(Hint: Jell-O)
Select the best answer.
27.If a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of water, the salt is the ______________________. (solvent or solute)
28.Which of the following is a chemical property?
a. flammability c. melting point
b. density d. ductility
29.When elements form compounds, the elements
a. keep their original properties.
b. react to form a new molecule with new properties.
c. combine in a random fashion.
d. always change their physical state.
30.Which factor does not increase the speed at which a solid solute dissolves in water? (Hint: Think about our lab)
a. stirring or shaking the mixture c. adding more solute
b. heating the mixture d. crushing the solute
31.Which of the following does not describe elements?
a. can join together to form compounds
b. have unique sets of properties
c. can be broken down into simpler substances
d. all the particles are alike
32.What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water?
33.What are the four states of matter?
34.Which state is most prevalent in the universe? _________
35.How are elements organized?
36.How can we identify elements with similar characteristics? (group/column)
37.All atoms contain ____________, ____________ in the nucleus and ____________ in outer shells.
38.What is the solar system? Explain. __________________________________________________________
39. Planets move faster in their orbits when they are ____________ to the sun.
40.The sun is a gaseous sphere made primarily of the elements ____________ and ____________.
41.Planets and their moons shine because they ____________ ____________. p453
42.Distances within the solar system can be expressed in ____________ ____________ or in light-minutes. An example would be the distance between the Sun and Earth-1.00 AU/1.5 x 108 km/8.3 light minutes.
43. ____________ are small bodies of rock, ice, and cosmic dust left over from the formation of the solar system. (dirty snowballs)
44.____________ are small, rocky bodies that orbit the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
45.____________ are very small, rocky bodies that probably come from asteroids.
46.The color of a star depends on its ____________. Hot stars are ____________. Cool stars are ____________.
47.____________ ____________ is the distance light travels in a year. It is used to measure the distance between galaxies.
48. ____________ are made up of billions of stars.
49.____________ galaxies have a bulge in the center with spiral arms branching out. Spiral is also the most common galaxy.
50. ____________ galaxies contain a bright center with very little dust or gas. Many contain old stars and may form a cucumber shape.
51.How can we use the Periodic Table to help us predict the number of valence electrons in an element? __________________________
52.New substances have _____ (similar/different) properties to the
original elements. (Ex. NaCl)
53. _______________ _______________ are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
54. Clues that a chemical reaction took place include formation of a solid or __________, a __________ change, and an __________ change.
55.A(n) __________ slows down or stops a chemical reaction. (catalyst or inhibitor)
56. Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction?
a. milk turning sour c. a match burning
b. food being digested d. ice melting
57. How many atoms are represented in the formula CaCO3?
(Add up each element)
a. three c. five
b. four d. six
58. Energy is released in __________ reactions. Energy is absorbed in __________ reactions. (endothermic/exothermic)
59. Raising the temperature, increasing the concentration, increasing the surface area, and adding a catalyst can __________ the rate of a reaction. (increase/decrease)
60. Chemical reactions form new substances with __________ properties from the starting substances. (different/similar)
61. Write balanced equations for the following:
a. 2HCl + Na2S č H2S + ___NaCl
b. 4Fe + 3O2 č ___Fe2O3
c. ____Al + ___CuSO4 č Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
62.Give one characteristic of an acid and one example.
63.Give one characteristic of a base and one example.
64.What is it? Acid or Base?
a) lemon juice pH 2
b) soda pH 3
c) Ammonia pH 12
d) Detergent pH 10
65.________, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms.(Carbon, Cesium, Chlorine)
66. Living organisms are made of molecules consisting largely of... (Name 2 Elements)
67.What characteristic of carbon makes it essential to living organisms?
A) Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.
B) Carbon exists in radioactive forms.
68. Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen (H) to form large molecules?
A) sodium (Na) B) lithium (Li)
C) sulfur (S) D) carbon (C)
69. Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms?
A) C6H12O6 B) BF3 C) NaCl D) CsI
70.Where is the most dense part of the atom? What does it consist of?
71.What is an atom? Draw and list the 3 particles of an atom.
72.How do we ID the atomic number of an atom?
73.(True/False) The amount of protons/neutrons in an atom is constant.
74.The element carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many protons are in the nucleus?
75.Isotopes of an atom have the ______ (different/same) number of protons but have _______(different/same) numbers of neutrons.
76.The mass number of an atom is the sum of the atom’s ____________ and ______________.
77.______________ and ______________ make up the nucleus. ______________ are found in electron clouds outside the nucleus.
78.The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the ______________ ______________. The atomic number identifies the atoms of a particular element.
79.______________ of an atom have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes share most of the same chemical and physical properties.
80.A vertical column of elements is called a ______________ or ______________. Elements in a group usually have ______________ properties.
81.Elements in the periodic table are divided into ______________, ______________, and nonmetals.
82.Currently we arrange the elements in order of increasing ______________ ______________.
Last Update: 04/27/2010 06:46 PM -0500